A new study is showing that light therapy, a treatment for a kind of depression known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), may also benefit nonseasonal depression
Recurrent episodes
"The combination of light and an antidepressant seems to work very well for treating nonseasonal depression," said study leader Dr Raymond Lam, a professor and head of the Mood and Anxiety Disorders Programme at the University of British Columbia in Canada.
Depression, a leading cause of disability worldwide, affects one in 20 people, according to background information with the study.
Read: Seasonal affective disorder
Current treatments for depression include psychotherapy and antidepressant medication, but recurrent episodes are common.
Since bright light treatment is used for people whose seasonal depression occurs in the darker months, the researchers hypothesised it might also lift depression that isn't brought on by light deprivation.
Lam and his team randomly assigned 122 adults with major depression not related to seasonal affective disorder to one of four groups. One group got 30 minutes of bright light treatment a day and took a placebo pill, while another used a device that was not light therapy and took the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac). A third group took a placebo pill and used a placebo device, while a fourth took Prozac and got light therapy.
The researchers followed the men and women for eight weeks, looking to see how many went into remission – defined as having normal scores on a widely used depression scale.
Not superior to placebo
"About 60 percent of the patients who got the combination [Prozac plus light] treatment went into remission with their symptoms compared to about 40 percent on light therapy alone," Lam said.
The antidepressant alone was not superior to placebo medication. Only about 30 percent of those on placebo medication and sham light treatment had remission, as did just 20 percent of those on Prozac with sham light treatment.
Read: What is depression?
Light therapy alone was better than placebo, but not from a statistically significant point of view, Lam said.
Experts can't say for sure why light therapy works, but for seasonal affective disorder they think it may help correct disturbances in the body's circadian rhythms, or internal clock.
The same may be true for nonseasonal depression, Lam said. "Another theory is that light affects neurotransmitters in the brain such as serotonin [which affects mood]," he said. Or both could play a role, he added.
One limitation of the study, published online in JAMA Psychiatry, is that patients' natural light exposure was not measured, the researchers said.
Treatments well-tolerated
Simon Rego is director of psychology training at Montefiore Medical Centre and an associate professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City. He said the study is the first well-designed comparison of light therapy and the combination of light therapy and antidepressant medications in adults with nonseasonal major depressive disorder.
Read: Light therapy for elderly with depression
"In this case, the authors found that the light treatment, whether delivered alone or particularly when delivered in combination with an antidepressant medication, was efficacious in the treatment of nonseasonal depression and, just as important, the treatments were well-tolerated by the subjects," Rego said.
"It appears that light therapy, which is already seen as an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder, may also be appropriate for nonseasonal depression," he added.
However, questions remain, Lam said, such as how long the combination treatment should continue.
Light boxes are sold at pharmacies and online for less than $100 to $300 (±R1,400 to R4,200).
Recommended treatment involves sitting in front of the fluorescent light box for a half hour daily as soon as possible after waking up and you can do it while eating breakfast or working on the computer.
Source:
Efficacy of Bright Light Treatment, Fluoxetine, and the Combination in Patients With Nonseasonal Major Depressive Disorder, JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(1):56-63, http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2470681Read more:
Prevalence of seasonal depression overestimated